***Full disclosure before I begin this post - I have put some research into this topic, and have formulated my own opinions on what has happened. That being said, I am not a British citizen, are not in any way connected to the Eurpean Union (EU), nor do I fully understand the economics behind everything or even the full scope of the politics behind everything. But I feel like the UK's referendum vote is important for us as US citizens to understand a little more, and I want to share my thoughts on it.***
Back in February, for my Fulbright phone interview, one of the questions I was asked stated, "What is a news story about the UK that you have been following?" Naturally, I chose the UK referendum that was taking place. Normally I, as an America-centric US citizen, know next to nothing that happens around the world. But this particular story had caught my interest a while back, mostly due to the odd coincidence surrounding it.
A few years ago I studied abroad in Scotland over the summer. That particular summer, in 2014, Scotland was preparing for a referendum vote themselves, to decide whether or not to remain in the United Kingdom, or become an independent nation. (Spoiler, they voted to stay). Fast forward two years, here I am, preparing to live in the UK for a year, and they have just had a referendum vote as well, this time, over whether or not to remain in the EU.
Anyway, that's an interesting aside that takes away from the real topic at hand. In case you have not yet heard the outcry from across the ocean, on June 23, 2016, the UK voted to leave the EU. The vote was terrifyingly close, with 51.9% voting to leave, and 48.1% voting to remain. This tiny margin has sealed the fate of the entire UK, and consequences are sure to be felt around the world. There are a few notable things that I would like to discuss, so bear with me as this post could become fairly long. And if you don't want to read the whole thing,
please scroll to the bottom and read the last paragraph.
1. The Prime Minister, David Cameron is stepping down.
Back in 2015, during his re-election campaign, Cameron promised to hold a referendum vote to decide whether or not the UK should be a part of the EU. He was facing increased pressure from some in his conservative party, who thought being in the EU was only bringing the UK down. Cameron himself was fully supportive of the remain campaign, telling citizens that he had the power to negotiate terms with the EU to make UK citizens happy. What started out as a promise that looked easy to control, became Cameron's downfall, and he will be leaving office in October of this year.
2. British banks, who still use the pound sterling, have already taken a massive hit.
For decades, the pound sterling has been the strongest currency in the world, and while the pound has steadily been declining in worth since a high point in 2014 (when of course, I was there and it was almost $2 to one pound), it has taken a massive hit. Currently (only according to the Google search I preformed), the pound is worth about $1.37. It may not seem so influential, but it has fallen 10 cents since the vote to leave the EU, costing Britain's banks around 130 billion pounds (heavy, right?).
3. Scotland voted to remain in the EU.
Scotland overwhelmingly supported remaining in the EU. Every single voting district in Scotland wanted to stay, with a win of 62% over leaving. There is now a loud outcry of rage on Scotland's part. This will likely trigger another referendum on Scotland's behalf, and I would not be surprised at all if this time, they decided to part ways with England. Many see it as extremely unfair that their entire country wanted to stay, but are now forced to leave due to their involvement in the UK. I would not disagree with them there.
4. The Leave campaign was littered with scare tactics, mostly involving immigration.
The United States isn't the only country that has a problem with immigration. I know we see Europe as this perfect union, where they are open and accepting of all peoples. Since us, as Americans, have such a small scope of knowledge surrounding European politics, we often see Europe with rose-colored glasses. Europe is definitely filled with just as much discontent as America. While the EU was set up in order to create peace and stability, it is a constant battle to keep all the nations happy. UK citizens physically living in the UK were growing uneasy with all the immigrants "coming in and taking their jobs." Sound familiar to us here in the US? Oh, but let me clarify - there was, as there seems to be across the world on this issue, a large generational gap on this issue. Can you guess which generation was worried about immigration?
5. Speaking of the generation gap, this played an enormous part in the vote.
Much like our own election struggles with bringing in young voters, the referendum struggled with bringing in the young ones as well. While 71.8% of eligible voters turned out on Thursday, with more than 30 million votes cast. This is the highest voter turnout since the 1992 general election. Age played an enormous part in the voting. Here is a short breakdown:
Age 18-24: Remain, 73%
Age 24-34: Remain, 62%
Age 35-44: Remain, 52%
Age 45-54: Remain, 44%
Age 55-64: Remain, 43%
Age 65+: Remain, 40%
Unsurprisingly, the older generation claims, "we were fine before the EU, we'll be fine after!" Also unsurprisingly, the younger generation retorts, "the world has changed! We need the union!" As to who is correct, only time will tell.
6. Education matters as well.
Level of education was another huge factor in deciding how people voted. Those with a higher level of education mostly voted to remain, while those with less education tended to vote leave. This is unsurprising, considering the tactics the Leave campaign used. The Leave campaign filled their speeches with false advertising, generating fear about immigration, the economy, and the general rights of UK citizens. Those with less education are more apt to take these rumors as truth, without putting forth their own research. This will no doubt play a huge role in our own upcoming presidential election as well.
7. Just in case you didn't see, EDUCATION MATTERS!
And not just in voting, but in general. Following the closing of the polls on Thursday, there was an enormous surge in UK citizens Googling terrifying questions. They are not inconsequential. The second most Googled question?
WHAT IS THE EU? CITIZENS IN THE UK DID NOT EVEN UNDERSTAND WHAT THEY WERE VOTING AGAINST. This is huge, and absolutely unacceptable. Not on the part of the citizens, but on the country. Shame on the UK for not properly education their citizens. Good thing I live in a country that makes sure voters are always properly educated.
(For those that can't get sarcasm through a blog post, that last sentence was meant to be sarcastic)
So hopefully that provides you with some information on what has just occurred on the other side of the world. It is important to note that the UK will still be a member of the EU for at least 2 years, as the leave negotiations begin. Of course, the article that dictates this process has only been around since 2009 and is therefore untested, but now the world can only wait to see what happens. One last interesting tidbit, there's already a petition for another referendum vote that has over 2 million signatures (EDIT: a day later it now has over 3 million, but some signatures may prove to be fraudulent). So I would keep an eye on that. But anyway, if you want more specific information regarding statistics or how this affects the world, I will leave some links at the bottom of the page. Most will be articles I took my own information from.
Now, I hope there are some people still reading this, because what I have to say next is very important.
We live in a very chaotic world. After 43 years in the EU, the UK has just left, the only country ever to do so. Donald Trump is the Republican candidate for our presidential election. We just saw one of the worst massacres that the US has ever seen. Fear and hatred seem to plague our society so viciously that it is difficult to see how we can fix it. I want everyone to know, especially my friends and family in the US, that your voice counts. Your opinion matters. The best way to end this chaos is to stand against it. Educate yourself on the issues. Understand the differences in opinions that different candidates have. And most importantly, when the time comes, GO OUT AND VOTE. (Not for Donald Trump, please). I don't care if you vote for Hillary Clinton or Gary Johnson or Jill Stein. I don't care if you don't think your vote counts. Now is the time to start a change. While Brexit may seem like a nightmare to many now, it provides us as a nation a reality check. We can learn from what happened to those UK citizens who wanted to stay in the EU. Don't be one of those people Googling Trump's campaign stances after voting has closed. Education comes first, then comes change.
Articles:
BBC
BBC Charts Breakdown
BBC Why Leave Won
NPR
NY Times
Washington Post